3) Total redshift

                                                                                                                                                 (13)

      4) Maximum apparent redshift

       When Z_v=1, total redshift is  

Z_max=1.5+Z_e

the maximum of redshift will have been determined by observation. If we can’t find a greater redshift than some value, then this value that is Z_max. The last selection of cosmic parameter depend on Z_max.

to agreat extent.